Assessment of physicochemical properties and bisphenol A contamination in different drinking water sources in Al-Diwaniyah city
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46649/7p27an23Keywords:
Drinking water, BisphenolA(BPA), HPLC ,physicochemical parameters polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)Abstract
Background: In Iraq, particularly in Al-Diwaniyah City, the increasing dependence on plastic-packaged drinking water, particularly( bottled water, plastic cups water, and reverse osmosis (RO) water) due to concerns regarding municipal water quality may increase the possibility of exposure to BPA which can migrate from plastic into drinking water under certain environmental conditions such as high temperature, prolonged storage duration and exposure to sunlight. BPA classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical capable of interfering with hormones and cause several health problems.
Objectives: To measure selected physicochemical parameters in drinking water and determine the Concentration of Bisphenol A.
Materials and Methods: A Descriptive Analytical Cross-sectional Study.
was conducted in Al-Diwaniyah City. 27 Samples of drinking water packaged in the bottles, cups and RO containers which sold in the local markets were collected from three different locations during October 2025.the temperature of markets were measured directly using a portable temperature meter. selected physicochemical parameters including (pH, EC, TDS, ORP, SG) were measured field by using a calibrated portable device. Bisphenol A concentration were measured in the laboratory by using HPLC device.
Results: The PH values ranged from neutral in PET (7.000) to slightly acidic in pp(6.663) and HDPE (6.397).The electrical conductivity(EC) and total dissolved solids(TDS) were highest in PET (139.000 µS/cm ;78.000 ppm) and significantly lower in PP (29.333 µS/cm ;16.000 ppm). The ORP values was highest in HDPE(287.000) followed by PP (276.667).while, HDPE was the lowest (225.667).Specific Gravity remained constant at 0.997 across all samples. in addition, the HPLC chromatograms obtained from all samples showed no identifiable peaks corresponding to BPA.
Conclusion: the current study showed that the drinking water sold in Al-Diwaniyah markets and packaged in PET bottles, PP cups and HDPE containers matches the safety standards for physicochemical aspects at markets temperature (18°C). All the measured parameters including ( pH, EC, TDS,ORP and S.G) stayed within the allowable limits set by both Iraq and the WHO. the HPLC analysis for any of the PET bottles, PP cups ,or HDPE containers indicating that Bisphenol A was either not present in these drinking water or less than detectable limit.
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