Stoichiometric Analysis of the Copper–Sudan II Complex via Cloud Point Extraction and the Slope Ratio Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46649/tt50b358Keywords:
Copper determination, Cloud point extraction, Deep eutectic solvents, Sudan II, Slope ratio method, Stoichiometry, SpectrophotometryAbstract
Accurate determination of copper (Cu) is essential due to its biological importance and toxicity at elevated levels. This study presents a green and sensitive method combining deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted cloud point extraction (CPE) with slope ratio spectrophotometry for determining the stoichiometry and concentration of Cu(II)–Sudan II complexes. Two experiments were conducted: the first varied Sudan II while keeping Cu(II) constant, and the second varied Cu(II) with fixed Sudan II. The CPE was carried out at pH 8 and 70 °C using Triton X-100, and absorbance was measured at 560 nm. The optimum pH was 8, and a DES volume of 3 mL showed the highest efficiency. The method produced a linear calibration range from 0.4 to 700 µg/L with a detection limit of 0.1 µg/L. Slope ratio analysis revealed a 1:1 or 1:2 Cu(II)–Sudan II complex ratio. Precision was high with RSD ≤5%. This environmentally friendly method minimizes organic solvents, is simple to perform, and is suitable for routine copper determination in clinical and environmental matrices. The technique holds potential for broader applications in trace metal analysis, pending validation with real-world biological or environmental samples.
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