Evaluation of Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-4 Levels in Patients Infected with Entamoeba histolytica parasite

Abstract

The research aims to study the IL-10 and IL-4 concentrations present in the serum of Entamoeba histolytica parasite-infected patients. The research seeks to analyze how the changing patterns of cytokine levels affect infection severity and control mechanisms of immune responses during amebiasis cases. This case-control investigation between subjects who had E. histolytica infection (44) and subjects without infection (44). Blood was drawn for IL-10 and IL-4 measurements culminated in ELISA-based performed assessments on both cytokines. The research employed independent t-tests and regression analysis to evaluate cytokine level variations between infected and healthy subjects and discover the effects these proteins have on disease intensity. The study results demonstrated that IL-4 levels measured 291.93 pg/mL as an average among patient groups whereas control participants exhibited mean IL-4 levels at 88.96 pg/mL (p=0.001). The tested patient group exhibited higher IL-10 levels (mean: 2148.22 pg/mL) than controls (mean: 521.89 pg/mL) but the difference between these values lacked statistical significance (p=0.110). Analysis through regression models revealed IL-4 had a robust predictive power for immune responses to infections but IL-10 showed more ambiguous predictive ability. The study shows that IL-4 acts as a critical factor to develop a Th2 immune reaction which enables E. histolytica to evade immune system defenses in patients. Among the detected elevated IL-10 levels researchers did not find statistical significance but they play an essential role in regulating immune response. The study increases comprehension of parasite-host immune process relationships to provide knowledge for upcoming diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to amebiasis.